24/06/2025
24/06/2025
ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, 24 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2025
ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื

ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืื‘ืืจื˜

"ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื ืื“ื ืžืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืงื•ืจืŸ. ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš?"

ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืื‘ืืจื˜ Nuvolari

ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืฆื™ืœื: ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ

ืžืจืฅ 2024

ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื ืื“ื ืžืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืงื•ืจืŸ. ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš? ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื›ื” ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื›ื”? ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืืœื• ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืžื™, ื•ืœืš ืชืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื• ืขืฆื‘ื ื™, 165 ืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืžืจืฆื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืจ ื™ื“ื ื™, ื›ืžื• ืคืขื. ืื‘ืืจื˜ ื ื•ื‘ื•ืœืจื™.

"ืื‘ืืจื˜ ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื” ืขื ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— (ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ), ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื›ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืžืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ื›ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช"

ื ื˜ื• ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืคื•ื–ื”

ื”ืื‘ืืจื˜ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืง, ื•ืื ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืฆื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื–ืจื—ื ื™, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ืืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืชื•ื ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•.

ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืขื, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืคืชื—, ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ื“ืงื” ื ืคืชื—ืช, ื•ืœืžื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืžืชื’ืœื” ื—ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœื‘ืช ืคื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื‘ืกืคืกืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™.

ื•ื›ืžื• ืคืขื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืคืชื— ืืชื• ื ื›ื ืกื ื•, ืืœ ื—ืจื™ืฅ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื”ื’ื” ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื—ืฆื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื ืขื”.

ื‘ืจืฆืคื” ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ !!! ื“ื•ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื, (ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืคืขื), ืขื ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ื˜ืช ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืš ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื”.

ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืคื”, ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืืจื˜ ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื”, ืื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื“ ื ืฉืœื—ืช. ื•ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื”, ืฉื’ื ืชื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœืš ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ืจื’ืข, ืžื” ืžืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื” ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•.

"ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื“ ื ืฉืœื—ืช. ื•ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื”, ืฉื’ื ืชื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœืš ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ืจื’ืข, ืžื” ืžืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื” ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•"

"ื ืชืชื™ ืœืื‘ืืจื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”"

ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ? ื™ืฉ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ืฆื ื™ื ืœืคืชื™ื—ื” ื•ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“, ื•ืœื ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืชื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืœืช. ื•ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืขื’ื•ืœ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœื™ื• ืชืงืฉื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื”, ืชื“ืœื™ืง ืžืฆื‘ "ืกืคื•ืจื˜" ืขืœ ื—ื•ื’ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื•, ื•ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื›ื‘ ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืฆื”ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืžื—ื”. ืื–ื”ืจื”, ืžืจื’ืข ืฉืชืœื—ืฅ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”. ื–ื”ื• ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืžื”ื–ืŸ ื”ืžืžื›ืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืชื ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืš ืขื ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจืช ืฉื™ื•ื˜ ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ (ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืื• ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช) ื•ืœื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื•ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœืื™ื™ ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฆืคืฆืฃ.

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืจืื˜ ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ื’'ื™ืžื™ื ื™, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ, ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื˜ื˜ ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืจื’ืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืขืœืชื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืจื’ืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื—ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ืขื ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ื™ื“, ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืœืื‘ืืจื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”.

"ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืžืจื™ื"

ืขื ืฉื—ืจ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืžื™ื ืืช ืฉื ืชื, ื”ืขืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืงืจืงื•ืฉ ืžืคืชื—. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืื’ืช ืงืจื‘ ืขืชื™ืจืช ืกืœ"ื“. ืจื™ื— ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™, ื•ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืฆืžื“ ืžืชื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื“ืจื›ื ื•. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืจืจ ืคืจืจืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื–ืžื–ื ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ (ืื• ื”ื ื”ื’ืช), ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื—ื–ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืื‘ืืจื˜ ืœืขื•ืฃ, ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืžืจื™ื, ื—ืžืกื” ืขืœื™ื”.

ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 386 ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• "ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ", ืื• "ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 3-4" (ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช) ืžืกืคืง ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉื™ื.

ืื ืœื ื ืคืœืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืงืž"ืฉ ื•ืจื’ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื• ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ (ืื ืœื ืขืฉื™ืช ื–ืืช ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”), ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื›ืœ 165 ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื ืฉืžืขื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืืœืฃ ื”ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ื™, ืœืœื ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ), ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืขืžืœืช ืงื•ืจื” ืจื•ืกื™ื”.

ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ, ืืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคื ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื•ื ืฆ'ืจื˜ื• ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื• ื’ืจื’ืจื ื™. ื•ื›ืืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืงืฆื‘.

ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืงืž"ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืœืœื‘ ื—ืœืฉ, ื‘ืœื™ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžืืœ, ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ืš, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื–, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืืฅ', ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ ื•ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืขื“ ืœืขื•ื ื’ ื”ื‘ื.

ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืœืจื“ืช ืืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 386 ื”ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืชืœ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉืžืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื•ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™. ืžื›ืืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืกืงืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื.

ื”ืื‘ืืจื˜ ื ื•ื‘ื•ืœืจื™ S ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืงื™ืคื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฆืจ ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ื”ืกื˜ืช ื”ื”ื’ื” ื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”, ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื– ื•ืกื˜ื™ื” ืงืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ื”.

ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฆืจ, ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ืœื ืกื™ืขืช ืกืœืืœื•ื, ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื™ืฉืจ.

ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืคืกืงื” ืžื”ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืžื ื• ื”ื—ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ.

ืื‘ืืจื˜ ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื” ืขื ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— (ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ), ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื›ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืžืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ื›ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.

ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื“ืจืš

ืื‘ืืจื˜ ื ื•ื‘ื•ืœืจื™ S

ืžื ื•ืข ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ, ื ืคื— 1.4 ืœ'.

ื”ืกืคืง 165 ื›"ืก.

ืžื•ืžื ื˜ 23.5 ืงื’"ืž.

ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื“ืœืง (ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ) 1:12.34 ืง"ืž/ืœ'

ืžื—ื™ืจ: 162,166 โ‚ช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื’ืจื”, ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฆื‘ืข)

ืœืืชืจ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ,ย ื”ืงืœื™ืงื• ื›ืืŸ

……………………………………

ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ?ย ื”ืงืœื™ืงื• ื›ืืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ย โ€˜ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื“ื‘ืฉโ€™

ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื
'ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก' ื•'ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ืคืœื•ืก' 114
ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื“ืจืš

ื”ื ื•ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ – ื ื™ืกืŸ ืงืฉืงืื™ NISSAN QASHQAI

ื ื™ืกืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื•ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืฆืจื™ื”, ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืขื“ื ื” ืžืชืคืจืฆืช.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ยป

ื”ืื ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื”?

ื”ืื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื”? ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ยป

ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ !

ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื

ืขืฉื• ืžื ื•ื™ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ 'ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก',

ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื
ืืœ ืชื—ืžื™ืฆื•, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื!

ืขืฉื• ืžื ื•ื™ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ 'ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ืคืœื•ืก',

ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื
ืืœ ืชื—ืžื™ืฆื•, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื!
ืืœ ืชืคืกืคืกื• ื”ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช
ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื—ื• โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจื•, ื•ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก

ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช

ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ ืืœ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ – ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื™ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื

ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืื”

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืžืคืœืกื™ืช ืžื“ืจืš ืจื‘ื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืกื•ืข ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืข, ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืกืขื• ื‘ืชืช ืงืจืงืข

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก

"ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื": ืœื”ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืžื”

ื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ืงืจื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉืจืชื™ ื•ืžืฉืจืชื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื โ€“ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก

ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื—ื ื›ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื

ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื, ื“ืจื•ื ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื•ืžื–ืจื— ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืคืœื•ืก

ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”-C-SUV ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ KGM โ€“ Torres ืœืื—ืจ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืชื ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื

KGM (ืกืื ื’ื™ื•ื ื’ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ) ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื ื”-Torres. ืžื ื•ืข 1.5 ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื• ืขื ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ 28.5 ืงื’"ืž ื•ื”ืกืคืง ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 163 ื›"ืก

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก

ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช

ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช 'ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื', 'ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืœื•ืžื“', 'ืื—ืจื™ื™', 'ืžืขืฉื”' ื•ืขื•ื“

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ืื“ื ื’ื•ืจืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ

ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื: ืœืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘'ื“ืื•ื ืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’'?

ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘'ื“ืื•ื ืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’: ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ืช, ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื, ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื

ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืชืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื

ืจืง ื›-60% ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื›ื™ื•ื. ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืชืงื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ืง ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ // ื ื˜ืข ืขื“ื ื™

ืžืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช: ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื

ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ 'ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื' ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 'ืขื™ืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื'. ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ืขื™ืจ'

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื

ื”ื ื•ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ – ื ื™ืกืŸ ืงืฉืงืื™ NISSAN QASHQAI

ื ื™ืกืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื•ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืฆืจื™ื”, ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืขื“ื ื” ืžืชืคืจืฆืช.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื–ืจืงืื•ืจ

"ื™ื•ื”ื•!" – ื›ืฉืืจื™ืง ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืฅ ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ

"ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™: ื›ืฉื™ืขื ืงืœื” ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืืจื™ืง ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืื’ื“ื”"

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืจื•ื™ืช ืกื™ื ื™

ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช? ืžื” ืœื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื›ื…

ืกื“ืจืช ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป
Shape
Shape

ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ 16 – ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืจื“ื• ืžืื– ื”ื”ืฉืงื”, ื•ืžื™ ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื–ื•ืœ?

ืกื“ืจืช ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ 16 ื”ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื’ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคืชืขื”: ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืงื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขืจื›ื ื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป

ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—?

ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ. ืงืจ, ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ื’ืฉื•ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ. ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืจืฉืช ืงืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง 'ืžืจื™ื ื“ื•' ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืกื™ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป

ืกื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืขืžื™ื

ืจื•ืกืœื” ืจื•ืžื ื™ืช, ืกื—ื™ื ื” ืžืจื•ืงืื™ืช, ื‘ืกืœ ื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื ื™ืกืื™ืช ื•ืื•ืฉืคืœืื• ืงื•ื•ืงื–ื™ โ€“ ืกื“ืจื” ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืžืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืก ื—ื•ื ื•ื ื—ืžื” ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป

ื–ื• ืคื™ืฆื”? ื–ื• ืงืกื“ื™ื™ื”? ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืœืžืชื ืขืœื™ื•!

ืคืืคื ื’'ื•ื ืก,ื”ืฉื™ืงื” ืืช ื”- Papadias โ€“ ืคื™ืฆื” ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืง ื“ืง ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืคืืคื ื’'ื•ื ืก ืงืจื™ืกืคื™ ื•ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ืžืงื•ืคืœืช ืขื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ยป

ื ืฉืžื— ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื•

ื–ื”ื•? ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืืชืจ?

ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื’ื ืืชื ืœืืœืคื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื,

ืขืฉื• ืžื ื•ื™ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื!

ื–ื”ื•? ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืืชืจ?

ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื’ื ืืชื ืœืืœืคื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื,

ืขืฉื• ืžื ื•ื™ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื!

ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ